Invertible scow.



l W. 11.00011 & 11. 11. HAYWooD. l'. G. HYWOOD, EXECUTRIX 0F D. H.HAYWOOD, DEU'D.

INVBRTIBLB SGGW. APPLIOATION. FILED MAB. 17, 1911.

Patented .121123.11312 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

IIll

SES:

GDLUMBIA PLANQURAPH co.. wAsmNuroN, D. C.

W. E. 000K & D. H. HAYWooD. l'. G. HAYWOD, EXEUTRIX 0F DH. HAYWOOD,DEOD.

INVERTIBLE SGOW. APPLIoATIoN FILED Mmmm 1911-.A

Patented Jan. 23, 1912. 2 sums-SHEET 2.

COLUMBIA PLANDORAPH co.. wASHlNGToN. D. c.

imrrnn s'rnrns PATENT OFFICE.-

WILLIAM E. COOK, OF ST. GEORGE, AND DANIEL HOWARD HAYWOOD, OF NEW YORK,N. Y.; FLORA. G. I-IAYWOOD EXEGUTRIX` OF SAID DANIEL HOWARD HAYWOOD,

DECEASED.

INVERTIBLE SCOW.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 17, 1911.

Patented Jan. 23,1912.

serial No. 614,986.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that we, WILLIAM E. COOK, a subject of the Crown of GreatBritain, and a resident of St. George, county of' Rich mond, and Stateof New York, and DANIEL HOWARD HAYwooD, a citizen of the United Statesof America, and a resident of New York, county of New York, and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inInvertible Scows, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

Our invention relates to that class of scows which have a movement ofrotation bodily to dump their load, being completely inverted at eachdumping operatic-n. Such a scow is commonly made exactly alike upon eachside of the central horizontal plane thereof, whereby it may be employedindifferent-ly either way up. j

A common method of dumping such a scow at the present day, is to admit alarge quantity of water ballast thereto, so as to submerge the scow tosuch an extent as to reduce it to a condition of unstable equilibrium,whereupon the scow in tipping in one direction or the other, as it willunder the slightest wave disturbances, causes the water ballast to flowin the direction in which it tips, and the scow promptly turns over,dumping its load and then righting it-self in an inverted position. Theload having been dumped the unloaded scow will rise in the water to ahigher level than that which it occupied when loaded, and theoreticallythe water ballast should be automatically discharged when the scowreaches its inverted position, the scow being thus self bailing. Underthe above system of operation it has, however, been found necessary toadmit such a large quantity of water to the interior of the scow fordumping purposes, that when inverted thelevel of the scow is too low topermit self bailing. Moreover the admission of such a considerablequantity of water takes more time than is desirable to be spent upon 'adumping operation, and the uncertainty asto which side the scow is goingto dump is often objectionable.

Under another suggested system of operation water is admitted to achamber conf tained upon one side or the other of the scow, and 1n suchcase the scow 1S Caused t0 dump in the desired direction, butafterdumping the water contained in the chamber gives such a list to the scowas to render selfbailing difficult if not impossible.

It is the object of our present invention to decrease the amount of timeconsumed in a dumping operation, to insure the self bailing of the scowwhen the same is inverted in the dumping operation, and to rendercertain the movement of rotation of the scow in al predetermineddirection, whereby the dumping will be effected upon onesideo-r theother as may be selected.` These objects are effected by a peculiararrangement and construction of the water ballast chamber or chambers,by which the water ballast admitted for dumping purposes is distributedunevenly across the 'scow when the same is in position to dump, and isthen redistributed evenly across the scow when the same is inverted. Theamount of water ballast thus required for the purposev is reduced,`

a proportionate saving of time being thereby effected, andl the scowwhen dumped and inverted will be lighter and will float high enough inthe water to bring about the dis# charge of the water ballast bygravity. Moreover the uneven distribution of` the water ballast willpositively determine upon which side of the scow the load is to rbedumped.

In order that our invention may be fullv understood we will now describein detail certain embodiments thereof having reference to theaccompanying drawings' illustrating the same, and will then point outthe novel features in claims.

In the drawings: Figure 'l is a view in transverse vertical section of ascow 'constructed in accordance with our invention1 showing thesameasloaded'. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the scow in an inverted position from that'in which it is shown in Fig. l, the scow having dumpeditsload, and being in the act of self-bailing. Figs. 3 and 4 are views'similar to Figs 1 and 2, showing another embodiment of our invention.Figs. 5 and 6 aresimila'r views of still another' embodiment of ourinvention.' Fig. 7 isa top view of the scow.

I'n the example of our invention Villustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 7 thescow is provided with two water chambers, separated Kby means of ahorizontal partition 10. This eoV horizontal part-ition is arranged inthe horizontal medial plane of the scow, the water chambers beingarranged above andbelow it. Each water chamber comprises a portion 11 ofrelatively greater height or depth upon one sid'e of the scow, and aportion 12 of less height or depth, which extends throughout theremainder ofthe width of the scow, clear to the other side t-hereof.Considering the lower chamber 11-12 the portion 11 is of greater depththan the portion 12,-extending from the partition 10 to the bottom ofthe scow; while the portion 12 extends from the partition 10 only abouthalf way down toward the bottom of the scow. The remaining space 13constitutes an air chamber from which water is excluded. The portion ofthe scow above the partition 10 is an exact inversion of the lowerportion so that the scow as a whole may be inverted, eitherl partindifferently constituting the upper or the lower portion thereof. Theupper and lower walls 14 are alike and the one uppermost at the timeconstitutes the deck of the scow. In Fig. 1 the upper wall 14 is shownas loaded with material 15 to be dumped.

At the proper time water is admitted to the portion 11 of the waterchamber which is at the time below the central partition 10, the mass ofwater thus admitted upon one side of the vertical central longitudinalplane of the scow tending to quickly destroy the equilibrium thereof,whereby the scow will have a movement of rotation in an anticlockwisedirection as viewed in the drawings, during which movement it will dumpits load and become completely inverted. The amount of water ballastnecessary to be admitted to the water chamber will vary under differentconditions of loadand distribution thereof. In some instances it will vnot be necessary to admit any more water i erably more water so that thewatery will be contained not only in the portion 11, but also in theportion 12 of the waterY chamber, it being understood that as thegreater mass of water is admitted so the submergence will be greater,and hence the stability of the vessel decreased.

When the vessel dumps its load and is inverted, the lossrof load willlighten the ves- Sel so that it will rise in the water as shown in Fig.2. The part which received the water ballast when the vessel was in theposition shown in Fig. 1 is now above the medial horizontal plane of thevessel, while the part below such plane is entirely free of water. Theentire portion therefore below the medial plane of the vesselconstitutes an air chamber to assist in the flotation of the vessel,that is to say, not only will the porlast, which in the previouscondition of the scow was unevenly distributed widthwise thereof,becomes distributed evenly because it rests upon the diaphragm orpartition 10 which is uniformly disposed across the scow from side toside thereof. Thus, though the water is admitted and retained upon oneside of the scow when the scow is in a position to be dumped, in orderto dump the same, directly the load is dumped and the p scow invertedthe water is redistributed so as to cause the scow to float in a properhorizontal position.

The water may be admitted and dis.- charged through any convenientlydisposed valved openings, and the mechanism for operating the valves mayalso be of any desired Character. In the drawings herewith we have showneach of the water chambers with valved'openings`1G--17 at the top andbot-tom thereof, z'. e., considering the top portion as that portionwhich is uppermost in either water chamber when the scow is in aposit-ion wherein the said water chamber is beneath the centraldiaphragm or partition 10. The lowermost valved openings 17v upon theside of the scow laterally opposite to the portion 11 of the waterchamber may communicate with the port-ion 11`through pipes 18. Thevalves for the openings in either of the chambers must be accessible tothe operator when the vessel is in either position, and as a simplemeans for bringing about this result we have shown the valves asprovided with stems which extend in either direction through the upperand lower walls 14. Hence any of the valves may be operated from thatwall 14 which is at the time employed as the deck of the vessel.

When the vessel is inthe position shown in. Fig. 1 and it is desired todump, the valved openings 16-17 in the chamber 11-12 beneath the centralpartition 10, are opened upon both sides of the vessel, thecorresponding valved openings 16-17 in the chamber above the centralpartition or diaphragm being kept closed. The water will flow in throughthe openings 17 while the air displaced thereby will flow out throughthe openings 16 into the water in which the vessel is floating, and soupward therethrough to discharge in the atmosphere above the waterlevel. 'After the vessel has been inverted and occupies the positionthrough the valved Vopenings 16, air being admitted through the valvedopenings 17 to ktake the place of the water thus discharged. In Fig. 2the water is shown as being so discharged, such water being dischargedby gravity and being received by the water in which the vessel isfloating.

In Figs. 3 and 4 we have shown a somewhat modified form of the scow inwhich the upper and lower portions of the vessel are separated byvertical longitudinal bulkheads 19 which extend from the wall 14, part,but not all the way, toward the central horizontal partition 10. Acomparatively narrow space or channel 20 is left between the upper andlower edge of the bulk-heads 19, as the case may be, and the centralpart-ition or diaphragm 10, as is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of thedrawings. In this case the valved openings 16 or 17 areopened only uponthat side of the vessel toward which it is intended for the vessel todump,

and in Fig. 1 the lower valved opening 17 upon the left-hand side of thevessel is shown as open to admit water, the displaced air beingdischarged through the upper valved opening 16 which has beensimultaneously opened. The water rises in thatportion of the lowerchamber contained between the central bulk-head 19 and the lefthand Wallof the scow as viewed in Fig. 3 until a sufiicient quantity of water isreceived to effect the dumping operation. Ordinarily this will be anamount not s-uiiicient to overflow the top of the bulk-head 19, butunder some circumstances a suiiicient quantity of water'may be admittedso that a part thereof overows the upper edge of the bulkhead 19,wherein some water will also be received in the right-hand portion ofthe scow. A greater quantity, however, will be contained in one sidethan in the other, except and unless an amount of water is admittedsufficient to ill both sides of the lower chamber up to the top of thebulk head 19. In practice the admission of such extraordinary quant-ityof water will probably never occur.

Directly the vessel is inverted the unevenly distributedA water isredistributed evenly across the vessel because the part which is now thelowermost portion of the water chamber when in its position above thecentral horizontal partition 10, is in free communication through thespace or opening 20. We may, if it be found necessary, employ airdistributing pipes 21 such as will permit the air to circulate freelythrough the two sides of the uppermost portion of the upper waterchamber, and thereby prevent an air lock occurring such as would preventthe free distribution of the water when the vessel is inverted, the airdistributing pipes being made of sutlicient length or otherwise properlydisposed to obviate any danger of their acting as a siphon to carry thewater from one side of the lower chamber to the other when the water isadmitted to one portion or the other of the chamber for dumpingpurposes.

In Figs. 5 and 6 we have shown a further space22 from the spaces 23-23respectively,

the said diaphragms being provided with openings 25 therethrough, thesaid openings having knon-return valves 26 for closing them. The valvedopenings 16 and 17 are opened upon one side of the Vessel (such beingtheleft-hand side as viewed in Fig. 5) when it is desired to dump theload. Water enters through the lowermost openings 17 into the lowerspace 23 until the space is illed; then the water rises through theopenings 25 past the check valves 26 and runs into the space 22,. Whenthe vessel dumps and becomes inverted the-water is distributed equallyacross the intermediate portion 22 asis shown in Fig. 6, the valves 26for. that chamber 23 which is now in the lower position automaticallyclosing, Vwhile the valves 26 for the upper chamber portion 23automatically open. Ihe Vwater no-w discharges through the valvedopenings 16, being those openings through which air was discharged whenthe vessel was in the position shown in Fig. 5, air being admittedthrough the valved openings 17 while the water -is discharging throughthe valved openings 16 as is shown in Fig. 6.

The top view shown in Fig. 7 represents either the form of scow shown inFigs. 1 and 2 or the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6. 'Iheexact form andshape of the vessel is of course immaterial, and in this connectionattention is called to the fact that the drawings herein are largelydiagrammatic thejrepresentations being conventional only.

- No attempt has been made to show the details of construction of thevessel, the illustration being directed to showing the relativedisposition of the water chambers and portions thereof, such asconstitute the subject matter of our invention.

It will also be understood that the means by which 4water is admittedand air discharged and'vice versa is also illustrated conventionally, asper se the same forms no part of the present invention.

.A It is obvious that given the fundamental disclosure herein-'thoseskilled in the present art will readily work out details of constructionand combinations of parts such as will be suited for the particular usefor which the vessel is to be employed.

It will also be understood that the proportionate size of the waterchambers will vary in .accordance with the relative load to be carried,and also in accordance with the normal stability required.

What we claim is;

1. An invertible scow having a water ballast chamber of greater watercarrying capacity upon one side ofthe central vertical longitudinalplane of the scow than upon the other, when the scow isone way up, andof equal water carrying capacity upon oppon site sides of the saidcentral vertical longitudinal plane when the scow is the other way up,whereby water ballast admitted to the said chamber when the scow is oneway up will destroy the equilibrium thereof, which water will beredistributed evenly upon either side of the central verticallongitudinal plane of the scow when the scow is the other way up, torestore the equilibrium thereof.

2. An invertible scow having a water chamber therein, the upper portionof which is equally distributed upon opposite sides of a verticallongitudinal plane passing through the center of gravity of the vessel,the lower portion of which is unevenly disposed with respect to suchlongitudinal central plane, and means for admitting and dischargingwater to and from the .said chamber. V

K 3. An invertible scow having water car rying pockets arranged upon oneside of the central longitudinal plane of the scow when the same iseither Way up, and means for admitting water thereto to -destroy theequilibrium of the scow in either position to invert the same, the saidscow having an intermediate water carrying portion evenly disposed uponeither side of the said central vertical plane for receiving the Wateryfrom either of the said pockets when the scow is inverted, whereby uponinversion the water will be redistributed evenly across the scow torestore the equilibrium thereof.

4. An invertible scow having a central yhorizontal partition and waterchambers said pocket in the lower water chamber to* destroy theequilibrium ofthe scow and bring about its inversion, the saidwaterbeing evenly distributed upon the said horizontal partition andtheequilibrium thus restored when the scow is inverted.

5. An invertible scow having a central horizontal partition, waterchambers on either side thereof which include a portion evenly disposedacross tlievscow in proximity to the central partition and a portionunevenly disposed across the scow in proximity to the part thereof awayfrom the partition, whereby that chamber which is at the time beneaththe central partition will be adapted to contain more water upon oneside of the central vertical longitudinal plane of the scow than'uponthe other, and means for admitting water to the lower chamber to destroythe equilibrium of the scow to bring about its inversion, and fordischarging the water thus admitted from the said chamber when the scowhas been inverted and the said chamber is at such -time in the portionof the scow which is uppermost.

WILLIAM E. COOK. D. HOWARD HAYWOOD. Witnesses:

F. B. GRAVES,

LYMAN S. ANDREWS, Jr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents.

`Washington, D. C.

